Zegras, P.C. (2007) "As if Kyoto mattered: The clean development mechanism and transportation", Energy Policy, Volume 35, Issue 10, October 2007, Pages 5136-5150. Research paper available for purchase from Science Direct
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Transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the most rapidly growing anthropogenic source. In the future, the developing world will account for the largest share of transport GHG increases. Four basic components drive transportation energy consumption and GHG emissions: activities (A), mode share (S), fuel intensity (I) and fuel choice (F) (ASIF). Currently, the Kyoto Protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) serves as the main international market-based tool designed to reduce GHG emissions from the developing world.