In many places built since the 1950s, roadway design usually means a system of widely spaced, large arterials fed by smaller roadways that rarely connect with each other. This system concentrates motorized traffic on a limited number of large roads, which causes longer, indirect trips and limits opportunities for alternate routes. Such a network makes it difficult for people who might walk, bike, or take public transportation because the indirect routes lengthen their trips and force them onto roads that are usually not designed for their safety or comfort. Public transportation also has a difficult time serving isolated neighborhoods with only one or two entry or exit points. So, people end up driving, even for very short trips.

Communities that have adopted complete streets policies sometimes struggle with retrofitting multi-lane arterials that must carry heavy automobile traffic but are also the only choice for bicycling, walking, and public transportation. Many realize they must look for opportunities to increase street connectivity in order to give people choices when traveling between home, medical offices, schools, shops, and workplaces.