Engineering & Planning
The task of encouraging cycling through the development of engineering and planning tools is challenging. Research is an excellent resource, to help ensure funds and efforts are directed at the areas that represent the best value for money. The following documents are offered to assist planners and engineers make informed decisions, in order to encourage cycling in the most cost effective manner:
Determination of personal exposure to traffic pollution while travelling by different modes (New Zealand)
17th Jan 2012
This research report, released in November 2011, examines the results of a project which aimed to assess the comparative risk associated with exposure to traffic pollution when travelling via different transport modes in New Zealand cities. Concentrations of the key traffic-related pollutants (particulate matter: (PM): PM10, PM2.5, PM1; ultrafine particles (UFPs) and carbon monoxide (CO)) were simultaneously monitored on pre-defined routes in Auckland and Christchurch during the morning and evening commute on people travelling by car, bus, on-road bike, train (Auckland only) and off-road bike (Christchurch only) from February to May 2009.
Cyclists’ Exposure to Traffic-Related Particulate Matter (USA)
25th Nov 2011
This research paper, published by the Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium in July 2011, found that moving cyclists just a few feet from automobiles can make a big improvement in their exposure to ultrafine particles given off by automobile engines.
Healthy Built Environments: A review of the literature (Australia)
18th Aug 2011
This literature reveiw was released in 2011 by the Healthy Built Environments Program, City Futures Research Centre, The University of New South Wales. The built environment has an important role to play in supporting human health as part of everyday living. This Literature Review examines the research evidence which demonstrates this link.
Service Levels of Cycleways (EU)
20th Jul 2011
This report for the Swedish Transport Administration was released in June 2011. This is the final report of the research project “Service levels of cycleways” wich aims to find the characteristics of an attractive cycleway, and specifying how to maintain cycleways in order to promote cycling.
Study uses infrared sensors to count bicyclists, pedestrians on Minneapolis trails (USA)
06th Jul 2011
In June 2011 the Univesity of Minesota's Centre for Transportation Studies reported on a research project which is using infrared counters to measure how bicycle and pedestrian trails are used in the City of Minneapolis.
Goodwill Bridge Induced Walking and Cycling Traffic
01st Jul 2011
This thesis, by Helen Abrahams, examines whether Brisbane's Goodwill Bridge induced walking and cycling traffic. It was published in 2002.
Creating a web-based “bikeability” tool
29th Jun 2011
The University of British Columbia (Canada) has developed a bikeability index that has allowed them to identify and map areas more and less conducive to cycling in Vancouver.
Effectiveness and Selection of Treatments for Cyclists at Signalised Intersections
22nd Jun 2011
This Austroads Research Report contains the results of a study focused on the safety impacts of providing cycle facilities, in combination with a number of other features, such as width of approach kerbside lane, at traffic signals.
Evaluation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Engineering Countermeasures: Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacons, HAWKs, Sharrows, Crosswalk Markings, and the Development of an Evaluation Methods Report
04th May 2011
This report documents a US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) project to quantify the effectiveness of selected engineering countermeasures to improve safety and operations for pedestrians and bicyclists.
Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New York
28th Apr 2011
This research report reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in large North American cities over the past two decades.
Bicycling Renaissance in North America: An Update and Re-Assessment
27th Apr 2011
This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades.
Evaluating the Impact of Neighborhood Trail Development on Active Travel Behavior and Overall Physical Activity of Suburban Residents
25th Mar 2011
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC),
Transportation Research Board
Evaluation of Innovative Bicycle Facilities: SW Broadway Cycle Track and SW Stark/Oak Street Buffered Bike Lanes
09th Mar 2011
Christopher Monsere, Nathan McNeil and Jennifer Dill, January 14, 2011, Portland State University - Center for Transportation Studies
The Initiative for Bicycle and Pedestrian Innovation at Portland State University has released a report that explores the impact of two bike lane configurations: a cycle track (a seven-foot bike lane separated from motor vehicle traffic by a row of parked cars and a painted three-foot pedestrian buffer) and a couplet of buffered bike lanes (six-foot bike lanes with a two-foot painted buffer on either side separating them from motor vehicle traffic).
Bicycles 2010 - Parking Lane Width and Bicycle Operating Space
17th Feb 2011
Volume 2190 / 2010
January 10, 2011, Journal of the Transportation Research Board
TRB’s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2190 contains 6 papers that explore the influence of the built environment on route selection for bicycle and car travel; automated bicycle counts; multimodal travel choices of bicyclists; effects of gender on commuter cycling and accident rates; on-street bicycle facility configuration effects on bicyclist and motorist behavior; and parking lane width effect on bicycle operating space.
Bicycles 2010 - Effects of On-Street Bicycle Facility Configuration on Bicyclist and Motorist Behavior
17th Feb 2011
Volume 2190 / 2010
January 10, 2011, Journal of the Transportation Research Board
TRB’s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2190 contains 6 papers that explore the influence of the built environment on route selection for bicycle and car travel; automated bicycle counts; multimodal travel choices of bicyclists; effects of gender on commuter cycling and accident rates; on-street bicycle facility configuration effects on bicyclist and motorist behavior; and parking lane width effect on bicycle operating space.
Bicycles 2010 - Latent Bicycle Commuting Demand and Effects of Gender on Commuter Cycling and Accident Rates
17th Feb 2011
Volume 2190 / 2010
January 10, 2011, Journal of the Transportation Research Board
TRB’s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2190 contains 6 papers that explore the influence of the built environment on route selection for bicycle and car travel; automated bicycle counts; multimodal travel choices of bicyclists; effects of gender on commuter cycling and accident rates; on-street bicycle facility configuration effects on bicyclist and motorist behavior; and parking lane width effect on bicycle operating space.
Bicycles 2010 - Multimodal Travel Choices of Bicyclists
17th Feb 2011
Volume 2190 / 2010
January 10, 2011, Journal of the Transportation Research Board
TRB’s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2190 contains 6 papers that explore the influence of the built environment on route selection for bicycle and car travel; automated bicycle counts; multimodal travel choices of bicyclists; effects of gender on commuter cycling and accident rates; on-street bicycle facility configuration effects on bicyclist and motorist behavior; and parking lane width effect on bicycle operating space.
Bicycles 2010 - How Far Out of the Way Will We Travel?
17th Feb 2011
Volume 2190 / 2010
January 10, 2011, Journal of the Transportation Research Board
TRB’s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2190 contains 6 papers that explore the influence of the built environment on route selection for bicycle and car travel; automated bicycle counts; multimodal travel choices of bicyclists; effects of gender on commuter cycling and accident rates; on-street bicycle facility configuration effects on bicyclist and motorist behavior; and parking lane width effect on bicycle operating space.
Our Cities The challenge of change
15th Feb 2011
2010 Background and research paper by
Australian Government
Cycling Infrastructure for Australian Cities
21st Jan 2011
Infrastructure Australia Background Paper, March 2009
Field test on visability at cycle crossings at night
12th Jan 2011
Sara Nygardhs et al, 2010, VTI Report 691A
Cycling Super Highways
21st Dec 2010
Rachel Smith, 9 December 2010, Planetizen
Rachel Smith of AECOM says that seven-meter wide cycling "super highways" are the X-factor to transform our cities, our lifestyles and our health and revolutionize the way we travel.
National Bicycling and Walking Study 15-Year Status Report
20th Dec 2010
This report is the third status update to the National Bicycling and Walking Study, originally published in 1994 as an assessment of bicycling and walking as transportation modes in the United States. Following the 5-year status report (1999) and 10-year status report (2004), the 15-year update measures the progress made toward the original goals of lowering the number of fatalities while increasing the percentage of trips made by bicycling and walking. Injury and fatality statistics are presented to measure this progress, as well as results from surveys related to travel habits. The 15-year report, unlike its two predecessors, examines a range of efforts to increase bicycling and walking in the United States. Programs at the Federal, State, and local levels are included, as well as case studies on best practices. Finally, the report makes recommendations for research, policy, and other measures that can be taken to meet the goals of the original study.
The costs of urban sprawl (1): Infrastructure and Transportation
29th Oct 2010
by Roman Trubka, Peter Newman, and Darren Bilsborough, Curtin University & Parsons Brinkerhoff
New Research Finds That Certain Personalities Flock to Certain Cities
29th Oct 2010
Eric Jaffe, October 11, 2010, The Infrastructurist vai Planetizen
Austroads
28th Sep 2010
Austroads is the association of Australian and New Zealand road transport and traffic authorities. A number of their research projects are highly relevant to cycling and are often available for free. Only a selection are listed here, but others can be easily found through Austroads Publications.
NYC Dept. City Planning (Spring 2009)
21st Sep 2010
Spicycles, (2009) CYCLING ON THE RISE - Public Bicycles and Other European Experiences (3.6 Meg)
21st Sep 2010
GTZ SUTP and the Interface for Cycling Expertise (I-Ce), (2009)
21st Sep 2010
Litman, T., Blair, R., Demopoulos, B., Eddy, N., Fritzel, A., Laidlaw, D., Maddox, H., Forster, K., 2002, Pedestrian and bicycle planning
21st Sep 2010
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Centre, undated, Bikeability checklist, Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Centre, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.
21st Sep 2010
European Conference of Ministers, 2004, Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies
21st Sep 2010
Danish Roads Directorate, 2000, Collection of Cycle Concepts, Government of Denmark, Copenhagen
21st Sep 2010
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Centre, website, Policy and Planning
21st Sep 2010
Pucher, J., Buehler, R., 2006, Why Canadians cycle more than Americans
21st Sep 2010
League of American Bicyclists, 2006, Bicycle Friendly Communities: Enhancing Cities Through Cycling
21st Sep 2010
Pucher, J., Dijkstra, L., 2003, Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health
21st Sep 2010
The European Network for Cycling Expertise, undated, Cycling and Planning, The European Network for Cycling Expertise, Amsterdam
21st Sep 2010
Pucher, J., Dijkstra, L., 2003
21st Sep 2010
Pucher, J., Buehler, R., 2006
21st Sep 2010
Zhang, W. and Gao, X. (2008)
21st Sep 2010
Transportation Research Board, 2005
21st Sep 2010
Cherry, C. and Cervero, R. (2007)
21st Sep 2010
Zegras, P.C. (2007)
21st Sep 2010
Martens, K. (2007) "Promoting bike-and-ride: The Dutch experience", Transportation Research Part A
21st Sep 2010
Land Transport New Zealand, 2005
21st Sep 2010
Macbeth, A.G., Boulter, R., Ryan, P. S., 2005
21st Sep 2010
Land Transport Safety Authority, 2004
21st Sep 2010
Campbell, D., Jurisich, I., Dunn, R., 2006
21st Sep 2010
Walton, D., Dravitzki, V.K., Cleland, B.S., Thomas, J. A., Jackett, R., 2005
21st Sep 2010
Bonham, J. & Jungho, S. (2008)
21st Sep 2010
Department of Planning, 2004, Planning guidelines for walking and cycling, Department of Planning, NSW Government, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Rissel, C., Garrard, J., 2006, Cycling for active transport and recreation in Australia
21st Sep 2010
Roads and Traffic Authority, 2002, How to Prepare a Bike Plan: An Easy Three Stage Guide, Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW Government, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Rose, G., 2003, Bikes and travel behaviour change
21st Sep 2010
Ker, I., Huband, A., Veith, G., Taylor, J., 2006
21st Sep 2010
Katz, R., 2001, Forecasting demand for bicycle facilities, Austroads, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Rose, G., 2003, Bikes and travel behaviour change
21st Sep 2010
Austroads, 2001, Traffic flow models allowing for pedestrians and cyclists, Austroads, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Dodson, J., Sipe, R. and Gavin, N. 2005
21st Sep 2010
Dodson, J., Sipe, R. and Gavin, N. 2006, Shocking the suburbs
21st Sep 2010
Vigitcanlar, T., Dodson, J., Gleeson, B., 2005
21st Sep 2010
Dodson, J., Sipe, R. and Gavin, N. 2006, Suburban shocks
21st Sep 2010
Queensland Transport, 2006, Bicycle riding and new subdivision design, Queensland Transport, Queensland Government, Brisbane
21st Sep 2010
Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, 2001
21st Sep 2010
Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2005
21st Sep 2010
Austroads, 2001, Traffic flow models allowing for pedestrians and cyclists, Austroads, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Litman, T., 2007, Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria, Canada
21st Sep 2010
Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2007
21st Sep 2010
Roads and Traffic Authority, 2005
21st Sep 2010
VicRoads, website, Cycling data and statistics
21st Sep 2010
VicRoads, 2001, Cycling to work in Melbourne 1976 - 2001, Victorian Government, Melbourne
21st Sep 2010
VicRoads, 1999, Cycling in Melbourne: Bicycle ownership, use and demographics, 1997 – 1999, Victorian Government, Melbourne
21st Sep 2010
Roads and Traffic Authority, 2003, Cycling in Sydney: bicycle ownership and use, New South Wales Government, Sydney
21st Sep 2010
Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (SA), website, Cycling facts and figures
21st Sep 2010
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, (2009) CASE STUDY COMPENDIUM, January, 2009
21st Sep 2010
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, (2009) CASE STUDY COMPENDIUM, January, 2009
